by Gabrielle DeSantis

Car insurance is a legal requirement in almost every state. Other states may not legally require it but may need the drivers to prove they can afford to pay for damages should an accident occur due to their fault.

You do not only need car insurance to be law-compliant, but also to protect yourself, others, and your car. It will also save you time and resources in case of a fallout from a car accident.  Buying a  cheap car insurance policy is more effective than the tedious and expensive process you will have to go through when you don’t have it.

There are factors used to calculate the cost of your auto insurance. Most of these rates are in your control, while some you may not control. It is essential to know what affects your insurance rate to determine which policy suits you. It will also be helpful to lower your expenses for the insurance plan.

Car crash in need of car insurance repair | Getty Images

Theft Statistics in Your Area

According to Pawson, Car insurers calculate their rates based on the risks in the locations they operate. A high risk of theft in an area leads to an increased insurance rate. It would be best to bump up the insurance premium since policyholders in such regions are more likely to fall victim to theft. Calculations based on theft also depend on the model of your car since some models present a higher risk of theft.

Driving Record

According to Bankrate, it is the simplest rating factor that insurers use. Your drivers’ past offers insights into the kind of person you are and your future performance. If you have several tickets and violations on your record, it may add up and inflate your insurance premiums. The only way to maintain a clean driving record is to drive carefully.

Age and Gender

Insurance companies also use age and gender when assessing driver’s risks while driving in particular locations. According to Insurance Information Institute, younger drivers may need to pay more insurance premiums because they have less experience and a higher chance of causing accidents. In terms of gender, male car owners have a higher likelihood of getting into accidents and tend to spend more on insurance than female car owners.

How Often You Use the Car

Insurers want to know how much you drive. If you often have to travel long distances to work, you are likely to pay more in insurance compared to someone who only goes out once in a while.

Car Safety Features

Insurance rates are also lower for vehicles with higher safety features that reduce the risk of accidents and protect you from injury. Safety features such as airbags, traction control, and automatic seat belts reduce the chances of getting involved in an accident. For example, the safety features on Tesla Model 3 lower its insurance costs compared to other cars in its class.

Type of Insurance Coverage

When determining the most appropriate insurance coverage, you can choose from options based on limits and deductibles. Most auto insurance requirements involve liability coverage that you also need to service. Standard cover included in car insurance includes collision coverage, comprehensive coverage, medical payments, and personal injury protection.

Find out more about the most appropriate cover for you by talking to your agent. Also, inquire into the limits and deductibles which are right for you. It helps to identify discounts to lower the costs further.

Paying your car insurance is a significant part of owning a car. You can lower the costs and make the insurance beneficial yet cheap. It would be best to check for insurance companies that offer discounts to their customers.

RELATED: The Cheapest Car Insurance Companies for Every Type of Driver

The post What Factors Are Used to Calculate Auto Insurance? appeared first on MotorBiscuit.

by Gabrielle DeSantis

At MotorBiscuit, we like to inform readers about the latest in mobility. Whether it is by air, land, or sea, we cover it. So this giant rock you’re looking at is actually not a rock, but a boat. No, we’re not kidding. It is called the L’Invisible Rock Boat.

The rock boat isn’t the first weird boat creation from artist Julien Berthier

Love Boat by artist Julien Berthier | Berthier

If you saw this out in the ocean you would avoid it because it looks like a rock. That is until you see the wake behind it. It is a creation of French artist Julien Berthier, who likes his pleasure craft to be different.

Before the L’Invisible, Berthier created the “Love Boat.” It was a boat made to look like it was sinking. Yeah, we’re not dealing with a normal boat builder here. 

Berthier’s rock boat raises the question, “Why?”

L'Invisible motor boat
L’Invisible motor boat | Berthier

Berthier’s latest watercraft is a navigable, floating fiberglass rock that is a boat. Now that you know what it is, the big question is, “Why?” Looking at Bertier’s website it is hard to tell.

He wants viewers to see boat manufacturing, human effects on the environment, and modern life. Plus, a little fun. In some ways, it also makes you wonder why boats aren’t made to blend into the surroundings better. Or not.

Are there commercial possibilities for a rock boat?

L'Invisible motor boat on trailer
L’Invisible motor boat | Berthier

While in theory it is meant to almost disappear when on the water, it must attract a lot of attention. So there’s that whole dichotomy thing going on. For those that like to slide under the radar or water, it actually serves a purpose. There are those that for different reasons need to silently slip onto the coastline without being noticed. This does the trick.

Unfortunately, Berthier doesn’t give us a glimpse of the inside. But we can imagine for ourselves what the inside of our floating rock boat would look like. And we’d need to see out of it, so voids and crags would need to hide windows. 

Or maybe a small section of rock could swing out like a porthole window? Kind of like the driver’s cockpit that hinges up. Maybe a second version could offer that needed feature. 

Movie productions could use this for multi-camera shots at sea

L'Invisible motor boat
L’Invisible motor boat | Berthier

So, while we thought this was just a joke, the more we think about it the more we see commercial possibilities. Movie productions could use them for ocean filming with multiple camera angles. Movie viewers wouldn’t even notice seeing a big rock in the background of a ship battle.  

Could this be the next big thing in boating? Would you buy one? Should someone latch onto this idea we’ll bring that information to you.

RELATED: Pontoon Boats Deliver a Wide Range of Recreational Uses

The post Watch: This Giant Rock is Really a Boat appeared first on MotorBiscuit.

by Gabrielle DeSantis

Do Toyota engine names look like confusing strings of random letters and numbers? Toyota engine names follow a standard naming convention; Toyota packs each engine name (or code) with helpful information. Read on to have Toyota engine names explained. You may learn more than you expected about the engine in your Toyota.

The First Number In A Toyota Engine Name: Model Number 

Toyota’s Formula One Engine | Toyota via Getty Images

Almost every Toyota engine name begins with a number. This number represents that engine block’s model number. Some Toyota fans refer to this number as the engine’s generation.

Toyota usually designates a new engine model number/generation when it designs a new engine–with a different displacement–around an existing engine block.

In the past, Toyota has not bothered using the number one (1) to designate the first generation of the engine in a brand new engine family. Instead, these engine names often begin with the letter(s) of the engine family.

Engine model number/generation examples:

  • 2NR-FE belongs to the second model of its engine family.
  • 3S-GTE belongs to the third model of its engine family.
  • 1KD-FTV belongs to the first model of its engine family.
  • R-LPG also belongs to the first model of its engine family.
  • 22R-E belongs to the twenty-second model of its engine family.

The First Letter(s) in a Toyota Engine Name: Engine Family

COLOGNE, GERMANY - JANUARY 15: In this handout picture the new TF109 is seen during the Panasonic Toyota Formula One Grand Prix team launch of the TF109 race car for the 2009 season at the Toyota Motorsport Racing head quarter on January 15, 2009 in Cologne, Germany. (Photo Handout Toyota via Getty Images) Learn to decode your toyota engine name with our Toyota engine family chart and engine feature table.
Toyota’s Formula One Engine | Toyota via Getty Images

The first one or two letters in a Toyota engine name (after the generation, before the dash) designate the engine’s family. Toyota engine families can last for decades, but all their members share a layout and often a block. Learn more about Toyota engine families

Engine family examples:

  • 3S-GTE belongs to the S engine family: older inline-four (I4) engines built around a cast-iron block.
  • 2NR-FE belongs to the NR engine family: small, recent I4 engines built around an aluminum block. 
  • 1KD-FTV belongs to the KD engine family: diesel I4s.
  • R-LPG belongs to the R engine family: older I4 gas engines designed for longitudinal placement.
  • 22R-E also belongs to the R engine family.

Toyota Engine Families Chart

An employee looks at the engine for the Toyota Motor Corp. fourth-generation Prius hybrid vehicles ahead of a test drive at Fuji Speedway on November 12, 2015 in Oyama, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. Tomohiro Ohsumi/Getty Images. Learn to decode your toyota engine name with our Toyota engine family chart and engine feature table.
Toyota Prius engine | Tomohiro Ohsumi/Getty Images
Abbreviation Description
AR I4 aluminum engine introduced in 2008. 2.7L and 2.5 L.
AZ I4 aluminum block DOHC. Upsized NZ. 2002 and later.
E I4. 1986 and later. First Toyota engines with a timing belt instead of chain.
F and FZ I6. Cast iron blocks and heads known for durability.
GR V6. Aluminum construction, DOHC, fuel-injected.
LR V10. Exclusively for Lexus LFA Supercar.
MZ V6. Lightweight aluminum replacement f or VZ. Replaced by GR.
NR and NZ I4. 1.5L. Common in the Prius. Aluminum, DOHC, VVT-i, Atkinson Cycle.
R and RZ I4. Long-running engine series common in trucks, SUVs, and some cars.
S I4. Strong cast-iron block, sought for performance builds. 1982-2007.
T and TR I4. Known for reliability and performance through the 1970s and early 80s.
U Boxster-style two-cylinder and four-cylinder engines. Revived for 2011 Subaru partnership.
UR V8. 4.6-5.7L. Replaced UZ series, offered timing chains and Dual VVT-i. 2007-present.
UZ V8. Quad-camshaft, 32 valve, introduced in 1989.
VZ V6. 2.0-3.4L. Engineered for low and mid-range torque. Introduced in 1988.
ZR I4. 1.6-2.0L. VVT-i. Introduced in 2007.
ZZ I4. 1.4-1.8L. Replaced the popular 4A engine. Chain-driven cam, DOHC, four-valve heads.

The Suffix Of A Toyota Engine Name: The Engine’s Defining Features 

Employees of Toyota Motor's subsidiary Toyota Motor Kyushu assemble the new 2-litre gasoline turbo engine '8AR-FTS' at the Kanda Plant in Kanda, Fukuoka Prefecture, on August 7, 2014. Toyota said on August 5 its net profit in the three months through June came in at a record USD 5.7 billion, with the rise largely thanks to cost-cutting and a weak yen.  AFP PHOTO / Toru YAMANAKA        (Photo credit should read TORU YAMANAKA/AFP via Getty Images). Learn to decode your toyota engine name with our Toyota engine family chart and engine feature table.
Assembling the 8AR-FTS | TORU YAMANAKA/AFP via Getty Images

After every Toyota engine’s model number/generation and engine family, the engine name contains a dash and then one, two, or three letters. Each of these letters is a code for one of the engine’s defining features. Many engines have more than three key features, but no Toyota engine name lists more than three defining features.

Often, the attributes represented in the suffix separate the engine model variation from its closest cousins. Other times, the features Toyota represents in the engine name are significant technological achievements.

As Toyota technology evolved, the features represented by each letter evolved as well. See our engine name suffix feature chart below for the most recent feature codes.

Engine feature examples:

  • 3S-GTE is defined by a performance cylinder head DOHC (G), being turbocharged (T), and multi-point fuel injection (E)
  • 2NR-FE is distinguished for: a normal cylinder head DOHC (F), and multi-point fuel injection (E)
  • 1KD-FTV is known for: normal cylinder head DOHC (F), being turbocharged (T), and a D-4D common rail direct diesel injection (V)
  • 22R-E was defined by: fuel injection (E)

Toyota Engine Features Chart 

Tahara, JAPAN: Workers at Japan's auto giant Toyota motor assemble engines for LEXUS cars at the company's Tahara plant in Aichi prefecture, 28 June 2007. 670 Lexus were assembled in Tahara plant as production output per day, the company said.  AFP PHOTO / KAZUHIRO NOGI (Photo credit should read KAZUHIRO NOGI/AFP via Getty Images). Learn to decode your toyota engine name with our Toyota engine family chart and engine feature table.
Assembling Lexus engines | KAZUHIRO NOGI/AFP via Getty Images
Suffix Feature
A Valvematic variable lift intake head
B Newer: E85 Ethanol fuel
Pre-2000: Twin SU-style side-draft carburetors
C Newer: California Emissions Controlled
Older: Carbureted
D Newer: Manufactured by Daihatsu with VVT-i
Older: Twin downdraft carburetors
E Multi-point fuel injection
F Normal cylinder head DOHC
G Performance cylinder head DOHC
H High compression
I Single-point fuel injection
J Newer: Pollution control for commercial cars in Japan
Older: Autochoke
K On-demand Atkinson cycle in non-hybrid engines
L Transverse-mounted
M Philippines’ market
N CNG fuel
P LPG fuel
R Low Compression (For 87 and below octane fuel)
S Newer: D4-S Gasoline direct injection
1980s: Swirl intake
T Turbocharged
U With Catalytic converter. Japan-spec emissions
V Diesel: D-4D Common rail direct injection system
Gasoline: Manufactured by Daihatsu with VVT-i
X Hybrid Atkinson cycle
Z Supercharged

Conclusion

Workers of Japanese automobile giant Toyota Motor assemble an engine to hybrid vehicle Prius at the company's Tsutsumi Plant in Toyota city in Aichi prefecture, central Japan on December 8, 2017. The plant assembled a total of 1,400 vehicles, mainly Prius and Prius PHV in a day.    YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/GAMMA-RAPHO. Learn to decode your toyota engine name with our Toyota engine family chart and engine feature table.
Prius engine installation | YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images

Toyota engine names may seem overwhelming, but when you decode the name of any Toyota engine, you will gain valuable insight into the history and features of that engine model.

Today, Toyota is moving to consolidate its hundreds of engine options into a single engine family: the Toyota Dynamic Force engine. With this dramatic shift, previous engine naming conventions will only apply to old Toyota engines. But while restoring classic Toyotas, the ability to decode an engine name will be more important than ever.

RELATED: 2022 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro: A Cost-Effective Ford Raptor

The post Toyota Engine Names Explained appeared first on MotorBiscuit.

by Gabrielle DeSantis

Audi decided earlier this year to announce its plans to go fully electric by 2026. That means no more internal combustion engines. Audi also declared they would be carbon neutral by 2050 at the very latest, but that would be the cherry on top of the electric ice cream sundae. As the first step, Audi will cease the development of internal combustion engines, with the V10 and W12 as the first likely candidates on the chopping block. 

It’s a long-term plan, and Volkswagen may suffer from it at first, but Audi’s engines tend to find themselves under the hoods of many VWs, so eventually, both brands will be all-electric. What does this mean for the brand’s future lineup? We’ll give you a hint: all future Audis are named “E-Tron”.

E-tron S and e-tron S Sportback

Audi e-tron | Audi

Coming this fall, Audi’s e-tron S and e-tron S Sportback will feature separate motors for each rear wheel and one for the front wheels. Combined they create 496 horsepower and 718 lb-ft of torque. The rear motors provide torque vectoring, while the front motor lies dormant under normal driving conditions until it’s called upon. The front motor uses brake-based torque vectoring to eliminate wheel spin. It’s also packed with more safety features than an X5.

Q4 e-tron and Q4 Sportback e-tron

Audi q4 e-tron parked outside by water
Audi Q4 e-tron | Audi

Leading Audi’s venture into entry-level electronic SUVs is the Q4. Base Q4 40s will get 200 horsepower from a single electric motor, while more advanced Q4 50s will receive 295 horsepower and all-wheel-drive from two electric motors. Similar to the e-tron S, the front motor on the all-wheel-drive Q4 only kicks in when necessary. Audi pegs the Q4 as having a $45,000 price tag, which is considered well within the affordable spectrum.

A6 E-Tron: Smart executive design

audi a6 e-tron parked outside of a building
Audi A6 e-tron | Audi

The A6 e-tron looks like a silver bullet: sleek and fast. Less is certainly more with the A6 e-tron, leaving little to comment on but plenty to help it stand out. Concave door panels, a massive vertical front grille, flush-fitting wheels, and a gradual slope from the roof to the trunk distinguish the A6 as an executive car of the future. Audi will release the A6 with either single motor rear-wheel drive or dual-motor all-wheel drive, which Audi claims will have 475 horsepower. The A6 e-tron is set to launch in 2022. 

A9 E-Tron: Flagship

If all goes well, Audi’s self-proclaimed flagship car, the A9 e-tron, will turn heads. It will be electric with four doors, will feature level-5 autonomous driving technology and 5G connectivity. When the A9 e-tron was first known of cir. 2016, it was expected to have three electric motors and level-4 autonomous driving. It may also receive a battery capable of 11kw inductive charging, which means a driver can charge the car without plugging it into a port. 

Audi is deathly serious about making the switch to a full-electric product line by 2026. Including the Volkswagen lineup, Audi expects to introduce 75 new electric vehicles by 2029. It sounds ambitious, but with the rate Audi is releasing cars, it seems well within its wheelhouse. 

RELATED: The 2022 Audi Q4 e-tron Is the 1st Car Ever to Add This Feature

The post This is Audi’s Fully Electric Lineup Coming Soon appeared first on MotorBiscuit.